Elements - MODS User Guidelines: Metadata Object Description Schema: MODS (Library of Congress)

The Library of Congress >> Standards >> MODS

HOME >> Guidance >> User Guidelines Version 3 >> Elements

# MODS User Guidelines Version 3

## Detailed Description of MODS Elements

Below is a detailed description of all of the valid MODS elements, attributes and values (revised to include version 3.3). Examples of most MODS data elements are also presented. The elements and attributes are listed in the same order as is presented in the MODS schema.

<titleInfo>

| Definition: A word, phrase, character, or group of characters, normally appearing in a resource, that names it or the work contained in it. Application: "titleInfo" is a wrapper element that contains all subelements related to title information. Data content is contained in subelements. <titleInfo> is repeated for each type attribute value. If multiple titles are recorded, repeat <titleInfo><title> for each. The language of the title may be indicated if desired using the xml:lang (RFC3066) or lang (3-character ISO 639-2 code) attributes.

Attributes

- type - This attribute is applied when it is necessary to identify what type of title is recorded. For the main title (MARC 21 field 245), no type is indicated. The following values may be used with the type attribute:
  - abbreviated (equivalent to MARC 21 field 210)
  - translated (equivalent to MARC 21 field 242, 246)
  - alternative (equivalent to MARC 21 fields 246, 740)
  - uniform (equivalent to MARC 21 fields 130, 240, 730)
- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. An authority attribute may be used to indicate that a title is controlled by a record in an authority file (e.g. authority="naf"). A list of authority files is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/authorityfile/authorityfilesource.html.
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the title is needed for display. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 246 subfield $i.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- ID - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for "titleInfo." They are enumerated below.

| <title> <subTitle> <partNumber> <partName> <nonSort>

<titleInfo>
| <title>

Definition: A word, phrase, character, or group of characters that constitutes the chief title of a resource (i.e. the title normally used when citing the resource).

Application: "title" without the <titleInfo> type attribute is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 245, except that it includes only the data that make up the title and does not include the entire title area dictated by AACR2. The statement of responsibility in MARC 21 field 245 is included in the <note> element with type="statement of responsibility," not in <title>.

Elements considered part of the title that are separately subfielded in MARC 21 are included here unless they have a separate subelement. For instance, the General Material Designator (MARC 21 field 245 subfield $h) and form (MARC 21 field 245 subfield $k) may be included as part of the title, but a part name or number is included in the subelements below.

When there is a subtitle, additional elements should follow the subelement for which it is appropriate (e.g., a part name or number may follow the title or the subtitle depending upon the situation).

Dates may be recorded here only if considered part of the title (e.g., a date in a uniform title). (Publication dates are included under <originInfo>.)

For parallel titles (i.e., equivalent titles in different languages), use separate <titleInfo><title> elements with type attribute="translated" for each parallel title.

For non-collective titles by the same author (i.e. separate titles with no inclusive title for the collection), use separate <titleInfo><title> elements with no type attribute.

<titleInfo>
| <subTitle>
| Definition: A word, phrase, character, or group of characters that contains the remainder of the title information after the title proper Application: "subTitle" includes a subtitle when it is desired to include it as a separate element. Alternatively, it may be included as part of a title. It is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 242, 245, 246 subfield $b.

<titleInfo>
| <partNumber>
| "partNumber" is used for a part or section number of a title. This is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 130, 240, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 730, 740 subfield $n.

<titleInfo>
| <partName>
| "partName" is used for a part or section name of a title. This is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 130, 240, 242, 243, 245, 246, 247, 730, 740 subfield $p.

<titleInfo>
| <nonSort>
| "nonSort" begin and end tags surround the nonfiling text which should not be regarded in sorting. It is equivalent to the new technique in MARC 21 that uses control characters to surround data disregarded for sorting. It is used for the same purpose as the nonfiling indicator value that indicates the number of characters disregarded for sorting. Punctuation may or may not be included within the non-sort value depending upon whether it is part of the sorting or non-sorting data.

Examples

<titleInfo type="alternative" displayLabel="also known as:"> |
| <title>Bush Cheney</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo>
| <title >Bush-Cheney 2000</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative">
| <title >George W. Bush for President</title>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo>
| <nonSort>The</nonSort>
| <title>"winter mind"</title>
| <subTitle>William Bonk and American letters</subTitle>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Oklahoma</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo>
| <title>Carousel</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo>
| <title>South Pacific</title>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo xml:lang="en">
| <nonSort>The</nonSort>
| <title>man who would be king</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo xml:lang="fr" type="translated">
| <nonSort>L'</nonSort>
| <title>homme qui voulut être roi</title>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Focus on grammar </title>
| <subTitle>basic level</subTitle>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionkrankheiten und Hygiene</title>
| <partNumber>1. Abt. Originale</partNumber>
| <partNumber>Reihe B</partNumber>
| <partName>Hygiene. Krankenhaushygiene. Betriebshygiene, präventive Medizin</partName>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Annual report of notifiable diseases</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated">
| <title>Annu. rep. notif. dis.</title>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo lang="rus" script="Latn" transliteration="Code to be determined ">
| <title>Geodezja i urzadzenia roline.</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="translated" lang="eng">
| <title>Land surveying and agriculture equipment</title>
</titleInfo>

<titleInfo type="uniform" authority="naf" xlink:href="http://www.loc.gov/sru-lccn/?query=n 93028706">
| <title>Missale Carnotense</title>
</titleInfo>
| [Note: the value of xlink:href is purely illustrative; this link does not currently exist. It assumes establishing a namespace for Library of Congress Control Numbers (LCCN) and initiating a service to retrieve authority records.]

<titleInfo type="alternative" displayLabel="Spine title">
| <title>Science and public affairs</title>
</titleInfo> |

<name>

| Definition: The name of a person, organization, or event (conference, meeting, etc.) associated in some way with the resource. Application: "name" is a wrapper element that contains all subelements related to name information. It is equivalent to the MARC 21 1XX and 7XX fields or Creator and Contributor in Dublin Core. If it is desired to indicate the concept of main entry, the <role> subelement may be used with the value "creator" (e.g. <role><roleTerm type="text">creator</roleTerm></role>. Other role values may be used to indicate the particular relationship between the name and the resource. The type of name (personal, corporate, conference) may be indicated, although this is not required.

Attributes

- type - This attribute indicates the type of name. The following values may be used with it:
  - personal
  - corporate
  - conference
- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. An authority attribute may be used to indicate that a name is controlled by a record in an authority file (e.g., authority="naf"). A list of authorities is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/authorityfile/authorityfilesource.html.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- ID - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements
The following subelements are defined for <name>. They are enumerated below.

| <namePart> <displayForm> <affiliation> <role> <description>

<name>
| <namePart>
| "namePart" includes each part of the name that is parsed. Parsing is used to indicate a date associated with the name, to parse the parts of a corporate name (MARC 21 fields X10 subfields $a and $b), or to parse parts of a personal name if desired (into family and given name). The latter is not done in MARC 21. Names are expected to be in a structured form (e.g. surname, forename).

Attribute

- type - The following values may be used with the type attribute:
  - date
  - family
  - given
  - termsOfAddress
  The attribute "date" is used to parse dates that are not integral parts of a name. Dates that are part of a name, e.g. dates within a conference name, do not use this attribute to separate the date, since it is an integral part of the name string. The birthdate associated with a personal name, however, is not an integral part of the name but added to distinguish the name from others, so it does include a separate namePart with type="date". This attribute is not used when parsing the components of a corporate name.

  "termsOfAddress" is used to record titles and enumeration associated with a name, such as Jr., II, etc. It is roughly equivalent to MARC X00 fields, subfields $b and $c.

  Note that "family" and "given" are not used in MARC 21.

<name>
| <displayForm>
| "displayForm" is used to indicate the unstructured form of the name. It includes a name as given on the resource. For some applications, contractual agreements require that the form of the name provided on the resource be provided. This data is usually carried in MARC 21 field 245 subfield $c, although the latter may include other information in addition to the display form of the name. If part of an entire statement of responsibility, it may be indicated in a note (with type="statement of responsibility") along with any other text in the statement of responsibility and also repeated here if desired.

<name>
| <affiliation>
| "affiliation" contains the name of an organization, institution, etc. with which the entity recorded in <name> was associated at the time that the resource was created. It may also contain other elements that are part of the affiliation, such as email address, street address, job title, etc.

<name>
| <role>
| Definition: A term(s) that designates the relationship (role) of the entity recorded in name in relation to the resource. Application: "role" is a wrapper element that may contain a value in coded or textual form. <role> is equivalent to a MARC relator code or its textual form.
| Subelement <roleTerm> "roleTerm" contains the textual or coded form of a relator/role. An authority should be indicated if using a coded form for role. If the textual form is from a controlled list (e.g., the MARC relators list), an authority attribute may be indicated (but is not mandatory). If both a code and a term are given that represent the same role, use one <role> and multiple occurrences of <roleTerm>. If different roles, repeat <role><roleTerm>.

Attributes

- type - This attribute may be used with the following values:
  - text - This value is used to express role in a textual form.
  - code - This value is used to express place in a coded form. The authority attribute may be used to indicate the source of the code.
- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. A list of codes for authorities is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/relator/relatorsource.html. To indicate the MARC relators list, use authority= "marcrelator."

<name>
| <description>
| "description" may be used to give a textual description for a name when necessary, for example, to distinguish from other names. This element does not have a MARC 21 equivalent.

Examples

<name type="personal">
| <namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart>
| <namePart>Brown, B. F.</namePart>
| <affiliation>Chemistry Dept., American University</affiliation>
| <role>
|  | <roleTerm type="text">creator</roleTerm>
|  | <roleTerm type="code">cre</roleTerm>
| </role>
| <role>
|  | <roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
|  | <roleTerm type="code">aut</roleTerm>
| </role>
</name>

<name> |
| <namePart>Abrams, Michael</namePart>
| <description>American artist, 20th c.</description>
</name> |

<name type="personal">
| <namePart>Alterman, Eric</namePart>
| <displayForm>Eric Alterman</displayForm>
| <role>
|  | <roleTerm type="text">creator</roleTerm>
|  | <roleTerm type="code">cre</roleTerm>
| </role>
</name>

<name type="personal">
| <namePart type="given">John</namePart>
| <namePart type="family">Huston</namePart>
| <role>
|  | <roleTerm type="code" authority="marcrelator">drt</roleTerm>
|  | <roleTerm type="text" authority="marcrelator">director</roleTerm>
| </role>
</name>

<name type="personal">
| <namePart type="given">John Paul</namePart>
| <namePart type="termsOfAddress">II</namePart>
| <namePart type="termsOfAddress">Pope</namePart>
| <namePart type="date">1920-</namePart>
</name>

<name type="conference">
| <namePart>International Workshop on Plasma-Based Ion Implantation (1993 : University of Wisconsin--Madison)</namePart>
</name>

<name type="personal">
| <namePart type="given">Jack</namePart>
| <namePart type="family">May</namePart>
| <namePart type="termsOfAddress">I</namePart>
| <description>District Commissioner</description>
| <description>Préfet de région</description>
</name>

<name type="corporate">
| <namePart>United States</namePart>
| <namePart>Court of Appeals (2nd Circuit)</namePart>
</name>

<name type="conference">
| <namePart>Paris Peace Conference (1919-1920)</namePart>
</name>

<name type="personal" authority="naf">
| <namePart>Woolf, Virginia</namePart>
| <namePart type="date">1882-1941</namePart>
</name>

<typeOfResource>

Definition: A term that specifies the characteristics and general type of content of the resource.

Application: "typeOfResource" is generally equivalent to the type of record codes in MARC 21 Leader/06 in that it differentiates the resource being described as to content type. A controlled list of textual values are used. Attributes are used to further indicate whether the resource is a collection (i.e. an aggregation of items, designated in MARC 21 in Leader/07 Bibliographic level) or manuscript in nature (designated in MARC 21 as a separate Leader/06 code that combines the manuscript property with a resource type). This element includes a high-level type that categorizes the material in a general way. More specific typing is done in the <genre> element.

The attributes "collection" and "manuscript" are associated with a specific value used in <typeOfResource>. For example, a MODS object which consists of a collection of maps with associated text would be represented by two instances of <typeOfResource>. The first would be "cartographic" with attribute collection="yes," and the second would be "text" (with no attribute).

There may be no value given for "typeOfResource" if the "collection" or "manuscript" attribute is used and none of the enumerated values is appropriate. For example <typeOfResource collection="yes"></typeOfResource> to indicate that a resource is a collection with no specified value for typeOfResource.

Attributes

- collection - This attribute is used as collection="yes" when the resource is a collection (falling under the definition of Leader/07 code "c": A made-up multipart group of items that were not originally published, distributed, or produced together.). It may also be applied to electronic resources that are collections in the sense of a made-up multipart group of items.
- manuscript - This attribute is used as manuscript="yes" when the resource is written in handwriting or typescript. MARC 21 Leader/06 values "d", "f" and "t" designate manuscript items (combined with other type of resource information).

Values
The following values may be used with <typeOfResource>:

- text (for "language material"; includes MARC 21 Leader/06 values "a" and "t").
- cartographic (includes MARC 21 Leader/06 values "e" and "f").
- notated music (includes MARC 21 Leader/06 values "c" and "d").
- sound recording - This value by itself is used when a mixture of musical and nonmusical sound recordings occurs in a resource or when a user does not want to make a distinction between musical and nonmusical.
- sound recording-musical - This is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 Leader/06 value "j" and is used when a resource is predominately a musical sound recording.
- sound recording-nonmusical - This is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 Leader/06 value "i" and is used when the sound recording is nonmusical in nature.
- still image (includes MARC 21 value "k") - Note that Leader/06 value "k" in MARC 21 is defined as "Two-dimensional nonprojectible graphic" so that this is not an exact equivalent. Slides and transparencies are also considered still images in MODS, although in MARC 21 they are coded as Leader/06 code "g" (projected medium).
- moving image (includes MARC 21 Leader/06 value "g") - Note that value "g" in MARC 21 is defined as "Projected medium," so this is not an exact equivalent. It includes motion pictures and videorecordings, as well as television programs, digital video and animated computer graphics, but not slides and transparencies. It does not include moving images that are primarily computer programs, such as computer games or computer-oriented multimedia (these are included in "software, multimedia").
- three dimensional object (includes MARC 21 Leader/06 value "r").
- software, multimedia (includes MARC 21 Leader/06 value "m") - This value is appropriate for any electronic resource without a significant aspect that indicates on of the other <typeOfResource> categories. It includes: software, numeric data, computer-oriented multimedia and online systems and services.
- mixed material (includes MARC 21 Leader/06 value "p") - This value uses the same definitions as value "p" (It indicates that there are significant materials in two or more forms that are usually related by virtue of their having been accumulated by or about a person or body. Mixed material includes archival fonds and manuscript collections of mixed forms of materials, such as text, photographs, and sound recordings.)

Subelements
There are no subelements defined for <typeOfResource>.

Examples

<titleInfo>
| <nonSort>The </nonSort>
| <title>new naval and military map of the United States</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>cartographic</typeOfResource>
<genre>map</genre>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Camp Council meeting; speech by Dewey Rodgers</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>sound recording-nonmusical</typeOfResource>
<genre authority="marcgt">speech</genre>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Glove</title>
</titleInfo>
<physicalDescription>
| <form authority="gmd">[sound recording]</form>
</physicalDescription>
<typeOfResource>sound recording-musical</typeOfResource>

<titleInfo>
| <title>[Portrait of Django Reinhardt, Aquarium, New York, N.Y., ca. Nov. 1946]</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>still image</typeOfResource>

<titleInfo>
| <nonSort>The</nonSort>
| <title>battle-cry of freedom</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>notated music</typeOfResource>
<genre>sheet music</genre>

<titleInfo>
| <title> Collection relating to A. E.Housman</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource manuscript="yes" collection="yes">mixed material</typeOfResource>
<abstract>Correspondence, manuscripts, typescripts, galley and page proofs, newspaper clippings, printed material, monographs, and musical scores pertaining primarily to Richards's biography of A. E. Housman titled Housman, 1896-1936 (1941) </abstract>

<titleInfo><title>Fifty years of Coca-Cola advertising </titleInfo></title>
<typeOfResource>moving image</typeOfResource>
<genre>motion picture</genre>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Cannon ball</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>three dimensional object</typeOfResource>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Google</title>
</titleInfo>
<typeOfResource>software, multimedia</typeOfResource>
<genre authority="marcgt">online system or service</genre>
<genre>search engine</genre>

<genre>

| Definition: A term(s) that designates a category characterizing a particular style, form, or content, such as artistic, musical, literary composition, etc. Application: "genre" contains terms that give more specificity than the broad terms used in <typeOfResource>. The terms may be from a controlled list with a designation of the authoritative list used in the authority attribute, or it may be an uncontrolled term. If no authority is specified, it is assumed that the term is uncontrolled.

Attributes

- type - This attribute may be used if desired to distinguish different aspects of genre, such as class, work type, or style
- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. Genre terms that appear in various coded elements in MARC 21 are included in the MARC 21 genre terms list at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/genre/genrelist.html, designated as authority="marcgt." Other lists may be used with the designation of the source from the MARC 21 genre source code list at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/genre/genresource.html.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements
There are no subelements defined for <genre>.

Examples

<genre authority="rbgenr">Hymnals–Germany</genre>

<genre authority="marcgt">folktale</genre>

<genre>rock music</genre>

<originInfo>

| Definition: Information about the origin of the resource, including place of origin or publication, publisher/originator, and dates associated with the resource Application: "originInfo" is a wrapper element that contains all subelements related to publication and origination information. It includes all dates associated with the resource (except for temporal coverage, which goes under <subject> and dates of the metadata, which go in <recordInfo>), and issuance information. Data is input only within each subelement.

Attributes

- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements
The following subelements are defined for <originInfo>. They are enumerated below.

<place>
<publisher>
<dateIssued>
<dateCreated>
<dateCaptured>
<dateValid>
<dateModified>
<copyrightDate>
<dateOther>
<edition>
<issuance>
<frequency>

<originInfo>
| <place>
| Definition: Name of a place associated with the issuing, publication, release, distribution, manufacture, production, or origin of a resource. Application: "place" is a wrapper element for placeTerm to indicate place of publication/origin. Places as subjects are included under <subject><geographic> or <subject><hierarchicalGeographic>. <place> is used in connection with the origin of a resource, i.e., publication, issuance, etc.

Subelement

<placeTerm>
"placeTerm" is used to express place in a textual or coded form. If both a code and a term are given that represent the same place, use one <place> and multiple occurrences of <placeTerm>. If different places, repeat <place><placeTerm>.

Attributes:

- type - This attribute may be used with the following values:
  - text - This value is used to express place in a textual form (may be place of publication as expressed in MARC 21 field 260 subfield $a).
  - code- This value is used to express place in a coded form. The authority attribute may be used to indicate the source of the code.
- authority - This attribute may be used with the following values:
  - marccountry - This value is used with the MARC country codes (as used in field 008/15-17). A listing of the MARC country codes is online at: www.loc.gov/marc/countries/
  - iso3166 - This value is used with country codes from ISO 3166. A listing of the ISO 3166 country codes is online at: www.iso.ch/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html

<originInfo>

| <publisher> Definition: The name of the entity that published, printed, distributed, released, issued, or produced the resource. Application: "publisher" includes the name of a publisher/originator or a statement about publication/origin. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 260 subfield $b.

Dates
Note that there is no wrapper element for dates.

<originInfo>

<dateIssued>
Definition: the date that the resource was published, released or issued.

Application: "dateIssued" is equivalent to dates in MARC 21 field 260 subfield $c. It may be in textual or structured form. <dateIssued> may be recorded according to the MARC 21 rules for field 008/07-14 with encoding="marc."

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<originInfo>

<dateCreated>
Definition: the date of creation of the resource.

Application: "dateCreated" may be in textual or structured form. This type of date is recorded in various places in MARC 21: field 260 subfield $g, for some types of material in field 260 subfield $c, date of original in field 534 subfield $c and date of reproduction in field 533 subfield $d. If creation date is also the origination date as used in MARC 21 field 260 subfield $c, use the <dateIssued> element or repeat both <dateCreated and <dateIssued>.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<originInfo>

<dateCaptured>
Definition: the date on which the resource was digitized or a subsequent snapshot was taken.

Application: "dateCaptured" is particularly useful for Web resources because of their changeability. This could be a date that the resource was captured or could also be the date of creation. This is roughly equivalent to MARC field 033.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<originInfo>

<dateValid>
Definition: a date in which the content of a resource is valid.

Application: "dateValid" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 046 subfields $m and $n.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<originInfo>

<dateModified>
Definition: a date in which a resource is modified or changed.

Application: Note that dateModified is used for modification of the resource, not of the metadata. In many cases a modified resource may be considered a new resource and described as such."dateModified" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 046 subfield $j.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<originInfo>

<copyrightDate>
Definition: a date in which a resource is copyrighted.

Application: "dateCopyright" does not have a single MARC 21 equivalent. A copyright date may be used in 260$c preceded by the letter "c" if it appears that way on the resource.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<originInfo>

<dateOther>
Definition: a date that does not fall into another category but is important to record.

Application: "dateOther" may be used with the "type" attribute to designate a specific kind of date which was not deemed of sufficient general use to have its own date element.

Attributes

- type - This attribute allows for extensibility of date types so that other specific date types may be designated if not given a separate element in MODS.
- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description

<originInfo>

| <edition> Definition: information identifying the edition or version to which the resource belongs. Application: Resources that constitute the same "edition" generally embody essentially the same content. "edition" is equivalent to MARC 21 field 250.

<originInfo>

<issuance>
Definition: a term that designates how the resource is issued.

Application: "issuance" is equivalent to those values in MARC 21 Leader/07 that designate issuance characteristics. "Collection, which designates an aggregation level is included in the collection attribute in the <typeOfResource> element. <issuance> may be used with the following values:

- continuing - A resource that is issued over time with no predetermined conclusion. Continuing resources include serials and ongoing integrating resources, i.e. those that are continuously updated. The value is equivalent to codes "b," "i" and "s" in Leader/07.
- monographic - A resource that is either complete in one part or intended to be completed in a finite number of separate parts. The value is equivalent to codes "a," "c," "d" and "m" in Leader/07.

<originInfo>

<frequency>
Definition: a statement of publication frequency in a textual form.

Application: "frequency" is equivalent to the information in MARC 21 008/18 (Frequency) for Continuing Resources, where it is given in coded form or in field 310 (Current Publication Frequency), where it is given in textual form. This information is also found in coded form in the MARC 21 Holdings record in subfield $w (Frequency) in fields 853-855. An authority attribute may indicate whether the term comes from a controlled vocabulary.

Attributes

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. The source of the vocabulary is listed in http://www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/frequency/frequencysource.html. A list corresponding to the controlled list used in MARC frequency elements is designated as marcfrequency and is online at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/frequency/frequencylist.html

Examples

<originInfo>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">dcu</placeTerm>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">Washington, DC</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Library of Congress, Cataloging Distribution Service, in collaboration with Follett Software Company</publisher>
| <dateIssued>2003</dateIssued>
| <edition>7th ed.</edition>
| <issuance>monographic</issuance>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <copyrightDate encoding="iso8601">20000122</copyrightDate>
| <dateCaptured encoding="iso8601">20010712</dateCaptured>
| <issuance>continuing</issuance>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <dateValid encoding="iso8601" point="start">20011008</dateValid>
| <dateValid encoding="iso8601" point="end">20011027</dateValid>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">Milan</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>F. Lucca</publisher>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">Florence</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Ducci</publisher>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">Chiasso</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Euterpe Ticinese</publisher>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">Naples</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Girard et C.</publisher>
| <dateIssued>between 1856 and 1862</dateIssued>
| <dateIssued encoding="marc" point="start">1856</dateIssued>
| <dateIssued encoding="marc" point="end">1862</dateIssued>
| <issuance>monographic</issuance>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">nyu</placeTerm>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Published for the American Vacuum Society by the American Institute of Physics</publisher>
| <dateIssued>1994</dateIssued>
| <issuance>monographic</issuance>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <dateModified encoding="iso8601">20031008</dateModified>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <dateCreated keyDate="yes">1972-10-08</dateCreated>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="code" authority="iso3166">usa</placeTerm>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">United States</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <dateIssued>1975</dateIssued>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">dcu</placeTerm>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">[Washington, D.C</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Library of Congress</publisher>
| <dateIssued>1998-]</dateIssued>
| <dateIssued encoding="marc" point="start">1998</dateIssued>
| <dateIssued encoding="marc" point="end">9999</dateIssued>
| <issuance>monographic</issuance>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <place>
|  | <placeTerm type="code" authority="marccountry">cau</placeTerm>
|  | <placeTerm type="text">Menlo Park, CA</placeTerm>
| </place>
| <publisher>Center for Computer Assisted Research in the Humanities</publisher>
| <dateIssued>-1988</dateIssued>
| <dateIssued encoding="marc" point="start">1985</dateIssued>
| <dateIssued encoding="marc" point="end">1988</dateIssued>
| <issuance>continuing</issuance>
| <frequency authority="marcfrequency">Annual</frequency>
</originInfo>

<originInfo>
| <dateOther point="start">20011008</dateOther>
| <dateOther point="end">20011027</dateOther>
</originInfo>

<language>

Definition: a designation of the language in which the content of a resource is expressed.

Application: "language" may also be expressed in conjunction with each element in a MODS encoding by means of the xml:lang and/or lang attributes to designate the language used in the metadata value; see section on language for more information.
< languageOfCataloging> under <recordInfo> is used to give the language of the metadata in the record as a whole. This is not the language of a resource, but of the record metadata.

Subelement

| <languageTerm>
| "languageTerm" contains the language(s) of the content of the resource. It may be expressed in textual or coded form. If in coded form, the source of the code is contained in the value of the authority attribute. If no authority is given, it is assumed that the content is textual. (Alternatively, instead of using a textual form, the content may be in coded form with an authority attribute, and an XSLT stylesheet may be used to translate the code into a textual form.) If there is more than one representation of the same language, e.g. using different forms of the same language (code or text) or from different authorities, <languageTerm> is repeated within the <language> container. If the content of the resource is in more than one language, <language> is repeated.

Attributes:

- type - This attribute may be used with the following values:
  - text - This value is used to express language in a textual form.
  - code- This value is used to express language in a coded form.
- authority - This attribute may contain the following values:
  - iso639-2b - A bibliographic language code from ISO 639-2 (Codes for the representation of names of languages: alpha-3 code). The bibliographic language codes are identical to both NISO Z39.53 and the MARC Code List for Languages.
  - rfc3066 - A language identifier as specified by the Internet Best Current Practice specification RFC3066. This value includes an ISO 639-1 (alpha-2) or ISO 639-2 (alpha-3) language code with optional secondary subtags.
  - iso639-3 - A language code from ISO 639-3 (Codes for the representation of names of languages - Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages).
  - rfc4646 - A language identifier as specified by the Internet Best Current Practice specification RFC4646. This document gives guidance on the use of ISO 639-1, ISO 639-2, and ISO 639-3 language identifiers with optional secondary subtags and extensions.

Attributes

- objectPart - This attribute designates which part of the resource is in the language supplied, e.g. <language objectPart="summary"><languageTerm authority="iso639-2b">spa</languageTerm></language> indicates that only the summary is in Spanish. The values of the attribute are not controlled, although it is preferable that institutions use consistent forms.

Examples

<language>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
</language>

<language>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">fre</languageTerm>
</language>
| [An XSLT stylesheet could be applied to transform this code to: ] Language: French

<language objectPart="summary">
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">ita</languageTerm>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b" >fre</languageTerm>
</language>

<language>
| <languageTerm type="text">Italian</languageTerm>
</language>

<language>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng<languageTerm>
</language>
<language>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">fre<languageTerm>
</language>
| [The resource contains both English and French text]

<language>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc4646" >zh-Hans</languageTerm>
</language>

<language>
| <languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-3" >arz</languageTerm>
| [The resource contains text in Egyptian Arabic, which is coded as an individual language in ISO 639-3.]
</language>

<physicalDescription>

| "physicalDescription" is a wrapper element that contains all subelements relating to physical description information of the resource described. Data is input only within each subelement.

Attributes

- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for <physicalDescription>. They are enumerated below.

<form>
<reformattingQuality>
<internetMediaType>
<extent>
<digitalOrigin>
<note>

<physicalDescription>

<form>
Definition: a designation of a particular physical presentation of a resource.

Application: "form" includes information that specifies the physical form or medium of material for a resource. Either a controlled list of values or free text may be used.

Attribute

- type - This attribute is used if desired to specify whether the form concerns materials or techniques, e.g. type="material": oil paint; type="technique": painting
- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. A list of authorities is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/form/formsource.html. The MARC 21 form list contains most of the values defined in fields 008/23 (BK, MU, CR, MX) and 008/29 (MP, VM). Use authority="marcform" to indicate its use.

<physicalDescription>

<reformattingQuality>
Definition: a term that indicates an overall assessment of the physical quality of an electronic resource in relation to its intended use.

Application: "reformattingQuality" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 007/13 (ER). The following values may be used:

- access - The electronic resource is intended to support current electronic access to the original item (i.e., reference use), but is not sufficient to serve as a preservation copy.
- preservation - The electronic resource was created via reformatting to help preserve the original item. The capture and storage techniques ensure high-quality, long-term protection.
- replacement - The electronic resource is of high enough quality to serve as a replacement if the original is lost, damaged, or destroyed.
  If serving more than one purpose, the element may be repeated.

<physicalDescription>

<internetMediaType>
Definition: an identification of the electronic format type, or the data representation of the resource.

Application: "internetMediaType" specifies the electronic format type, such as text/html, ASCII, Postscript file, executable application or JPEG image. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 856 subfield $q, although subfield $q may also contain other designations of electronic format.. The <internetMediaType> value is generally taken from a controlled list, especially from the Internet Media types (MIME types) (see: www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/index.html for a complete list).
The element may also include local x-types.

<physicalDescription>

| <extent> Definition: a statement of the number and specific material of the units of the resource that express physical extent. Application: "extent" may be used with electronic resources, e.g. digitized collection of slides, to show how many slides constitute the resource. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 fields 300 subfields $a, $b, $c, and $e and 306 subfield $a.

<physicalDescription>

<digitalOrigin>
Definition: a designation of the source of a digital file important to its creation, use and management.

Application: "digitalOrigin" may indicate the source of a digital file important to its creation, use and management. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 007/11 (Antecedent/source) for electronic resources. The following values may be used:

- born digital - A resource was created and is intended to remain in digital form. (No MARC equivalent, but includes value "c")
- reformatted digital - A resource was created by digitization of the original non-digital form. (MARC 007/11 value "a")
- digitized microfilm - A resource was created by digitizing a microform (MARC 007/11 value "b")
- digitized other analog - A resource was created by digitizing another form of the resource not covered by the other values, e.g. an intermediate form such as photocopy, transparency, slide, etc. (MARC 007/11 value "d")

<physicalDescription>

<note>
Definition: general textual information about the physical description of a resource.

Application: "note" is roughly equivalent to the types of notes that may be contained in MARC 21 fields 340, 351 or general 500 notes concerning physical condition, characteristics, etc. A link may be supplied in lieu of or in addition to the content. Each note should be entered in a separate <note> subelement. A list of note types used by MODS implementors has been compiled.

Attributes

- type - This attribute is not controlled by a list and thus is open-ended.
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the note is necessary for display.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Examples

<physicalDescription>
| <form authority="marcform">electronic</form>
| <digitalOrigin>born digital</digitalOrigin>
| <reformattingQuality>access</reformattingQuality>
| <internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType>
</physicalDescription>

<physicalDescription>
| <note type="organization">Fixed-length, nonhierarchical; Month by carrier code and flight number</note>
</physicalDescription>

<physicalDescription>
| <extent>7" x 9"</extent>
| <note displayLabel="Location within resource">Between entry for April 7 and April 19, 1843</note>
</physicalDescription>

<physicalDescription>
| <form authority="marcform">print</form>
| <extent>ill., music ; 26 cm</extent>
| <reformattingQuality>replacement</reformattingQuality>
</physicalDescription>

<physicalDescription>
| <extent>1 sound disc (56 min.) : digital ; 3/4 in.</extent>
</physicalDescription>

<abstract>

| Definition: a summary of the content of the resource. Application: "abstract" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 520. A link may be supplied in lieu of or in addition to the content.

Attributes

- type - There is no controlled list of abstract types.
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the abstract is necessary for display.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <abstract>.

Examples

<abstract xlink:href= "http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/cchrie98.htm"/>

<abstract>Describes the results of an ongoing evaluation of State activity relating to improvement of criminal records. Activities reviewed include upgrading of accuracy and completeness of records, automation, implementation of positive identification procedures and procedures for responding to firearm background check inquiries. The report describes the nature of activities initiated, time until completion, and impact on availability of records. Characteristics of individual states are represented in some areas. The document was prepared by Queues Enforth Development under BJS award 95-RU-RX-K002. 2/00 NCJ 179768</abstract>

<abstract xml:lang="fr" xlink:href= "http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=808.html"> A la fin du XIXème siècle, Rudyard Kipling, un jeune journaliste installé en Inde, fait la connaissance de Daniel Dravot et de Peachy Carnehan, deux anciens sergents de l'armée britannique à la recherche de la fortune et de la gloire. Après un long et périlleux voyage via l'Afghanistan, ces derniers pénètrent dans une contrée sauvage, le Kafristan, où des villageois sont en guerre contre une ville rivale. Tous deux s'engagent dans la bataille.Au cours des combats, Dravot reçoit une flèche en pleine poitrine, mais continue à lutter. En réalité, la flèche s'est plantée dans la catouchière. Mais aux yeux du peuple, il passe pour un être surnaturel, le dieu Sikander, fils d'Alexandre le Grand. Après ce miracle supposé, Dravot est proclamé roi du Kafristan et bénéficie de la puissance absolue. Mais le pouvoir peut corrompre même le meilleur des hommes.</abstract>

<abstract xlink:href="http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/CurrentCites/2003/cc03.14.3.html" displayLabel="Review">Written in a rather whimsical style, this short article makes a serious statement about the direction in which libraries are evolving. The word 'library' may eventually be dropped from our vocabulary, to be replaced by the 'idea store'. Books are being displaced by computers, multimedia content, playgrounds, thematic displays, and cafes. This is proving extremely propular, given the surge in client population. The library locales mentioned are local, however, the transformation of libraries is universal. </abstract>

<tableOfContents>

| Definition: A description of the contents of a resource. Application: "tableOfContents" contains contents notes for a resource. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 505. A link may be supplied in lieu of or in addition to the content. If a more structured and rich table of contents is needed, use <relatedItem> with type="constituent".

Attributes

- type - There is no controlled list of table of contents types.
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the table of contents is necessary for display.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <tableOfContents>.

Examples

<tableOfContents>A suitable tone ; Left hand colouring ; Rhythm and accent ; Tempo ; Flexibility ; Ornaments -- Sonata in D major, op. V, no. 1 / Corelli -- Sonata in G minor / Purcell (with Robert Donington, gamba) -- Forlane from Concert royal no. 3 / Couperin</tableOfContents>

<tableOfContents xlink:href= "http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/99176484.html"/> </tableOfContents>

<tableOfContents displayLabel="Chapters included in book">Bluegrass odyssey -- Hills of Tennessee -- Sassafrass -- Muddy river -- Take your shoes off Moses -- Don't let Smokey Mountain smoke get in your eyes -- Farewell party -- Faded love -- Super sonic bluegrass -- Old love letters -- Will the circle be unbroken</tableOfContents>

<tableOfContents type="partial contents">Baptisms, 1816-1872 --Church members, 1816-1831 --History of the Second Presbyterian Church of West Durham</tableOfContents>

<tableOfContents>Who made Web sites? – What could people do? – Search the archive – Visit this site – Analysis The September 11 Web Sphere </tableOfContents>

<targetAudience>

| Definition: a description of the intellectual level of the audience for which the resource is intended. Application: When more than one target audience is recorded, the element is repeated. Either a controlled list of values or free text may be used.

Attributes

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. A list of authorities is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/target/targetsource.html. The MARC 21 target audience list contains many of the values defined in MARC 21 field 008/22 (BK, CF, MU, VM). Use authority="marctarget" to indicate its use.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <targetAudience>.

Examples

<targetAudience authority="marctarget">adolescent</targetAudience>

<targetAudience authority="marctarget">adult</targetAudience>

<targetAudience>kindergarten</targetAudience>

<targetAudience authority="marctarget">juvenile</targetAudience>
<targetAudience authority="marctarget">adolescent</targetAudience>
| [Resource contains information targeted to both juvenile and adolescent audiences]

<note>

| Definition: general textual information relating to a resource. Application: "note" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 fields 5XX. A link may be supplied in lieu of or in addition to the content. Each note should be entered in a separate element. Notes relating to physical description aspects of a resource should be recorded in the <note> subelement of <physicalDescription>.

Attributes

- type - This attribute is not controlled by a list and thus is open-ended. A list of note types used by MODS implementors has been compiled for interoperability. Some examples of type values are:
  - performers (equivalent to MARC 21 field 511)
  - venue (equivalent to MARC 21 field 518)
  - statementOfResponsibility (equivalent to MARC 21 field 245 subfield $c).
  Other types of notes in MARC 21 5XX have separate elements in MODS: <abstract>; <accessCondition>; <tableOfContents>; <targetAudience>.
- displayLabel -This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the note is necessary for display.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- ID - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <note>.

Examples

<note type="performers">Anne Baxter (Louise), Maria Perschy (Angela), Gustavo Rojo (Bill), Reginald Gilliam (Mr. Johnson), [Catherine Elliot?] (Aunt Sallie), Ben Tatar (waiter)</note>

<note type="statement of responsibility">written by Burt Kimmelman</note>

<note>Based on a play which originally appeared in France as "Un peu plus tard, un peu plus tôt"</note>

<note type="historical" displayLabel="Historical note:" xlink:href=" http://www.mnhs.org/library/findaids/80881.html">The Faribault State School and Hospital provided care, treatment, training, and a variety of other services to mentally retarded individuals and their families. It was operated by the State of Minnesota from 1879 to 1998 under different administrative structures and with different names. A more detailed history of the Hospital may be found at:</note>

<subject>

| Definition: A term or phrase representing the primary topic(s) on which a work is focused. Application: "subject" is a wrapper tag that binds together subelements. If the subject is a controlled heading from an authoritative list, use the authority attribute to indicate the authority. If it is not desired to parse the subject subelements, use <subject><topic> and a string. If no authority attribute is present, the data is assumed to be an uncontrolled term. Repeat the subject for each subject string.

Attributes

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. An authority attribute may be used to indicate that a subject is controlled by a record in an authority file. A list of authorities is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/subject/subjectsource.html. This attribute is equivalent to MARC 21 field 6XX, second indicator value or content of subfield $2. If the subject string is formulated according to the Library of Congress Subject Headings (or LC Name Authority File), the value of the authority attribute is "lcsh." A subject thesaurus that does not include names but has an implied authority for names uses the designation for that thesaurus (i.e., "lcsh" means LCSH plus NAF). Specify authority at the highest level if there are subelements; optionally it may also be specified for a subelement. Authority is not applicable to the subelement <hierarchicalGeographic>.
  • xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
  • ID - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
  • lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
  • xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
  • script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
  • transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements
The following subelements are defined for <subject>. They are enumerated below.

<topic>
<geographic>
<temporal>
<titleInfo>
<name>
<genre>
<hierarchicalGeographic>
<cartographics>
<geographicCode>
<occupation>

<subject>

<topic>
"topic" is used as the tag for any topical subjects that are not appropriate in the <geographic>, <temporal>, <titleInfo>, or <name> subelements. If there is an uncontrolled term, <topic> is used (since <subject> is a binding element). <topic> is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 650 and 6XX subfields $x and $v (with authority attribute defined) and MARC 21 field 653 with no authority attribute.
Note that form subdivisions in LCSH are coded as <topic> because it was felt that the distinction was too difficult to make.

<subject>

| <geographic> "geographic" is used for geographic subject terms that are not parsed as hierarchical geographics. If the geographic name is part of a corporate body (i.e., United States. Senate), it is coded as <name>, not <geographic>. <geographic> is equivalent to MARC 21 field 651 and 6XX subfield $z.

<subject>

<temporal>
"temporal" is used for chronological subject terms or temporal coverage. It may be expressed as a controlled subject term or as a structured date using the same data definition as MODS dates. <temporal> is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 045 and 6XX subfield $y.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<subject>

| <titleInfo> "titleInfo" includes a title used as a subject. All subelements and attributes used under the top-level element <titleInfo> may be used with this subelement. An authority attribute may also be used at this level if desired, in addition to at the highest level (under <subject>). Equivalent to MARC 21 field 630.

<subject>

| <name> "name" includes a name used as a subject. All subelements and attributes used under the top-level element <name> may be used. An authority attribute may also be used at this level if desired in addition to at the highest level (under <subject>). Equivalent to MARC 21 fields 600, 610, 611.

<subject>

| <genre> "genre" includes a genre or form used as part of a subject string when the subject authority distinguishes subdivisions of the main subject (e.g. LCSH). If describing the genre of a resource as a whole, use in the <genre> element. This is used to facilitate mapping between subject authorities that use form subdivisions. Equivalent to subfield $v in MARC 21 6XX fields.

<subject>

<hierarchicalGeographic>

Definition: a geographic name given in a hierarchical form relating to the resource.

Application: "hierarchicalGeographic" includes a hierarchical form of place name which is both readable by humans and parsable by machines. This form can be applied to the degree of specificity that is known or relevant and used to generate browsable hierarchies even when values are specified to different levels. Explicit inclusion of the complete hierarchy is of potential benefit for automated consultation of a gazetteer to derive map coordinates or to support a map-based interface for searching by country or state. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 752.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for <hierarchicalGeographic>. They are enumerated below. In general, use the term most commonly used in the original language or its translation for the geographic entity. First order political divisions may have different terms depending on the country. For instance, first order political divisions in the U.S. are states; in Canada provinces; in United Kingdom, England, Scotland and Wales are countries and next order divisions (e.g. Yorkshire) are counties.

<continent>
--- Includes Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America.

<country>
--- Name of a country, i.e. a political entity considered a country.

<province>
--- Includes first order political divisions called provinces within a country, e.g. Canada.

<region>
--- Includes regions that have status as a jurisdiction, usually incorporating more than one first level jurisdiction.

<state>
--- Includes first order political divisions called states within a country, e.g. in U.S., Argentina, Italy. Use also for France département.

<territory>
---Name of a geographical area belonging to or under the jurisdiction of a governmental authority .

<county>
---Name of the largest local administrative unit in various countries, e.g. England.

<city>
---Name of an inhabited place incorporated as a city, town, etc.

<citySection>
---Name of a smaller unit within a populated place, e.g., neighborhoods, parks or streets.

<island>
---Name of a tract of land surrounded by water and smaller than a continent but is not itself a separate country.

<area>
---Name of a non-jurisdictional geographic entity.

<extraterrestrialArea>
---Name of any extraterrestrial entity or space, including solar systems, galaxies, star systems, and planets as well as geographic features of individual planets.

<subject>

<cartographics>
"cartographics" is a wrapper element that includes cartographic data indicating spatial coverage. It is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 034 and 255. If desired, cartographic elements may be bound together with a geographic name (hierarchical or otherwise) within a <subject> element.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for <cartographics>. They are enumerated below.

<coordinates>
<scale>
<projection>

<coordinates>
"coordinates" contains a statement of coordinates covered by the resource. One or more statements may be supplied. If one is supplied, it is a point (i.e., a single location); if two, it is a line; if more than two, it is a n-sided polygon where n=number of coordinates assigned. No three points should be co-linear, and coordinates should be supplied in polygon-traversal order.

<scale>
"scale" provides a statement of scale. It may include any equivalency statements, vertical scales or vertical exaggeration statements for relief models and other three-dimensional items.

<projection>
"projection" provides a statement of projection.

<subject>

<geographicCode>
"geographicCode" includes a geographic area code associated with a resource. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 043.

A geographic code that represents the same entity as a term in <geographic> is included within the same <subject> element.

Attribute

- authority - The name of the authoritative list from which a controlled geographic code came. Values used with this attribute are the following:

  - marcgac
  - marccountry
  - iso3166

<subject>

| <occupation> "occupation " includes a term that is descriptive of the occupation reflected in the contents of the described materials. It is not used to list the occupations of the creators of the described materials, unless those occupations are significantly reflected in the materials themselves or bear some relationship to the materials. It is roughtly equivalent to MARC 21 field 656.

Examples

<subject>
| <cartographics>
|  | <scale>1:22,000,000</scale>
| </cartographics>
</subject>

<subject>
| <occupation>Migrant laborers</occupation>
| <genre>School district case files</genre>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <country>Canada</country>
|  | <province>British Columbia</province>
|  | <city>Vancouver</city>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
</subject>

<subject>
| <cartographics>
|  | <coordinates>E 72°--E 148°/N 13°--N 18°</coordinates>
|  | <scale>1:22,000,000</scale>
|  | <projection>Conic proj</projection>
| </cartographics>
</subject>

<subject>
| <cartographics>
|  | <scale>Scale [1:6,336,000]. 1" = 100 miles. Vertical scale [1:192,000]. 1/16" = approx. 1000'</scale>
| </cartographics>
</subject>

<subject>
| <name type="personal" authority="naf">
|  | <namePart>Woolf, Virginia</namePart>
|  | <namePart type="date">1882-1941</namePart>
| </name>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcsh">
| <topic>Real property--Mississippi--Tippah County--Maps</topic>
</subject>
| [Alternatively, may be encoded as the following (an XSLT stylesheet may be used to generate hyphens in the string for display):]

<subject>
| <occupation>Anthropologists</occupation>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcsh">
| <topic>Real property</topic>
| <geographic>Mississippi</geographic>
| <geographic>Tippah County</geographic>
| <genre>Maps</genre>
</subject>

<subject>
| <titleInfo type="uniform" authority="naf">
|  | <title>Missale Carnotense</title>
| </titleInfo>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcsh">
| <name>
| <namePart>Garcia Lorca, Federico</namePart>
| <namePart type="date">1898-1936</namePart>
| </name>
</subject>

<subject>
| <geographicCode authority="marcgac">n-us-md</geographicCode>
</subject>

<subject>
| <geographicCode authority="iso3166">us</geographicCode>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <country>France</country>
|  | <state>Doubs</state>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <country>France</country>
|  | <region>Franche Comté</region>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcshac">
| <topic>Iron founding</topic>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcsh">
| <topic>Registers of births, etc</topic>
| <geographic>Massachusetts</geographic>
| <geographic>Springfield</geographic>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <country>United States</country>
|  | <state>Kansas</state>
|  | <county>Butler</county>
|  | <city>Augusta</city>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <area>Intercontinental areas (Western Hemisphere)</area>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
</subject>

<subject authority="lctgm">
| <topic>Educational buildings</topic>
| <geographic>Washington (D.C.)</geographic>
| <temporal>1890-1910</temporal>
</subject>

<subject>
| <temporal encoding="iso8601">197505</temporal>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcsh">
| <topic>Musicology</topic>
| <topic>Data processing</topic>
| <genre>Periodicals</genre>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <region>Arctic Ocean</region>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
</subject>

<subject authority="lcsh">
| <topic>Bluegrass music</topic>
| <temporal>1971-1980</temporal>
</subject>

<subject>
| <hierarchicalGeographic>
|  | <territory>British Indian Ocean Territory</territory>
| </hierarchicalGeographic>
| <cartographics>
|  | <coordinates>6 00 S, 71 30 E</coordinates>
| </cartographics>
</subject>

<subject authority="ericd">
| <topic>Career Exploration</topic>
</subject>

<subject authority="rvm">
| <topic>Église catholique</topic>
| <topic>Histoire</topic>
| <temporal>20e siècle</temporal>
</subject>

<subject>
| <topic>Learning disabilities</topic>
</subject>

<classification>

| Definition: a designation applied to a resource that indicates the subject by applying a formal system of coding and organizing resources according to subject areas. Application: "classification" contains the classification number of a resource. It may also include the full call number if desired. This is equivalent to MARC fields 050-08X, subfields $a and $b.

Attributes

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. Authority contains designation of the source of the authority for classification schemes. Values for this attribute may be found at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/classification/classificationsource.html.
- edition - This attribute contains a designation of the edition of the particular classification scheme indicated in authority for those schemes that are issued in editions (e.g. DDC).
- displayLabel- This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the classification number is needed for display. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 050 subfield $3.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <classification>.

Examples

<classification authority="lcc">JK609.M2</classification>

<classification authority="cacodoc">CA2 PQ C07 81P52</classification>

<classification authority="lcc">TH6493</classification>

<classification authority="ddc" edition="11">683</classification>

<relatedItem>

Definition: Information that identifies other resources related to the one being described.

Application: "relatedItem" includes a designation of the specific type of relationship as a value of the type attribute and is a controlled list of types enumerated in the schema. <relatedItem> is a container element under which any MODS element may be used as a subelement. It is thus fully recursive.

<relatedItem> is equivalent to several fields in MARC 21. It includes the following:

- name/title added entries (fields 700, 710, 711 that include subfield $t); type="constituent"
- series statements (fields 440, 490, 8XX); type="series"
- linking entry fields (fields 76X-78X); various types
- original version note (field 534); type="original"

Since <relatedItem> may include any MODS element as a subelement, it may describe a constituent item if that is desired. This may be suitable, for instance, for complex objects that require specific descriptive information for constituent parts, but that are considered intellectually one object (e.g. a CD with several tracks, digitized or analog). Many of the MODS elements used here as subelements have mappings in the MARC 21 76X-78X fields, while others do not.

Attributes

- type - The value of the type attribute describes the relationship between the <relatedItem> and the resource being described in the MODS record. This attribute may contain the following values:
  - preceding - Information concerning a predecessor to the resource (Equivalent to MARC 21 field 780).
  - succeeding - Information concerning a successor to the resource (Equivalent to MARC 21 field 785).
  - original - Information concerning an original form of the resource (Equivalent to MARC 21 fields 534, 786).
  - host - Information concerning a host or parent resource for the resource described; this may be a parent collection (Equivalent to MARC 21 fields 760, 772, 773).
  - constituent - Information concerning a constituent unit of the resource. This allows for more specific parsed information than may be used in <tableOfContents>. (Equivalent to MARC 21 fields 762, 770, 774; fields 700, 710, 711 with subfield $t).
  - series - Information concerning the series in which a resource is issued.
  - otherVersion - Information concerning another version (i.e. change in intellectual content) of the resource (Equivalent to MARC 21 field 775).
  - otherFormat - Information concerning another format (i.e. change in physical format) of the resource (Equivalent to MARC 21 field 776).
  - isReferencedBy - Citations or references to published bibliographic descriptions, reviews, abstracts, or indexes of the content of the resource (Roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 510, but allows for additional parsing of data).
- xlink:href - This attribute is used for an external link, including a link to a related record, if applicable. Use <identifier> for a URI for the related resource itself.
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the related item is needed for display. It is equivalent to MARC 21 fields 76X-78X subfields $i and $3.
- ID - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

Since any MODS element may be used under <relatedItem>, the following subelements may be used. See the definitions in the guidelines under applicable top-level elements. Although all MODS elements are defined here, for purposes of interoperability, deep recursion may be counter-productive.

<titleInfo>
<name>
<typeOfResource>
<genre>
<originInfo>
<language>
<physicalDescription>
<abstract>
<tableOfContents>
<targetAudience>
<note>
<subject>
<classification>
<relatedItem>
<identifier>
<location>
<accessCondition>
<part>
<extension>
<recordInfo>

Examples

<titleInfo>
| <title>William P. Gottlieb Collection</title>
</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="constituent">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>[Portrait of Charlie Parker and Tommy Potter, Three Deuces, New York, N.Y., ca. Oct. 1947]</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <name>
|  | <namePart>Gottlieb, William P.</namePart>
|  | <namePart type="date">1917-</namePart>
| </name>
| <identifier type="local">LC-GLB23-0542</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<titleInfo>
| <title>The dancer's guide and ball-roomcompanion</title>
</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="host" displayLabel="Parent">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <nonSort>The</nonSort>
|  | <title>American ballroom companion [computer file] :</title>
|  | <subTitle>dance instruction manuals, ca. 1600-1920 /</subTitle>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="lccn">98801326</identifier>
| <identifier type="uri">http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/dihtml/dihome.html</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="isReferencedBy">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Luck</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <name type="personal">
|  | <namePart>Frederick, John</namePart>
| </name>
| <originInfo>
|  | <place>
|  |  | <placeTerm type="text">Argosy</placeTerm>
|  | </place>
|  | <dateIssued>1919</dateIssued>
| </originInfo>
</relatedItem>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Jay Robinson for Governor</title>
</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="host">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Election 2002 Web Archive</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="uri">http://www.loc.gov/minerva/collect/elec2002/</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="host">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Post-Fordism</title>
|  | <subTitle>A Reader</subTitle>
| </titleInfo>
| <name type="personal">
|  | <namePart type="given">Ash</namePart>
|  | <namePart type="family">Amin</namePart>
|  | <role>
|  |  |  | <roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm>
|  | </role>
| </name>
| <originInfo>
|  | <dateIssued>1994</dateIssued>
|  | <publisher>Blackwell Publishers</publisher>
|  | <place>
|  |  | <placeTerm type="text">Oxford</placeTerm>
|  | </place>
| </originInfo>
| <part>
|  | <extent unit="page">
|  |  | <start>23</start>
|  |  | <end>45</end>
|  | </extent>
| </part>
</relatedItem>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Directory of computer assisted research in musicology</title>
</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="succeeding">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Computing in musicology</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="issn">1057-9478</identifier>
| <identifier type="lccn">(DLC) 91656596</identifier>
| <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)21202412</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="otherVersion">
| <titleInfo type="uniform">
|  | <title>Modern maturity (NRTA edition)</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="lccn">sn 84010086</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="host">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>International Journal of Urban and Regional Research</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <part>
|  | <detail type="volume">
|  |  | <number>24</number>
|  | </detail>
|  | <detail type="issue">
|  | <number>2</number>
|  | <caption>no.</caption>
|  | </detail>
|  | <extent unit="page">
|  | <start>361</start>
|  | <end>378</end>
|  | </extent>
|  | <date>2000</date>
| </part>
</relatedItem>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Annali di geofisica</title>
</titleInfo>
<relatedItem type="preceding">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Annales de géophysique</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="issn">0003-4029</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="series">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Collection africaine</title>
| </titleInfo>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="related">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Mashinovedenie</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="local">(DLC)###90646274#</identifier>
| <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)6258868</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="otherFormat">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Americas</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <identifier type="issn">0003-1615</identifier>
| <identifier type="local">(OCoLC)8370205</identifier>
</relatedItem>

<identifier>

| "identifier" contains a unique standard number or code that distinctively identifies a resource. It includes manifestation, expression and work level identifiers. <identifier> should be repeated for each applicable identifier recorded, including invalid and canceled identifiers. This is roughly equivalent to MARC fields 010, 020, 022, 024, 856

Attributes

- type - There is no controlled list of identifier types. Suggested values include, but are not limited to the following:
  - doi (Digital Objects Identifier)
  - hdl (Handle)
  - isbn (International Standard Book Number)
  - ismn (International Standard Music Number)
  - isrc (International Standard Recording Code)
  - issn (International Standard Serials Number)
  - issue number
  - istc (International Standard Text Code)
  - lccn (Library of Congress Control Number)
  - local
  - matrix number
  - music plate
  - music publisher
  - sici (Serial Item and Contribution Identifier)
  - stock number
  - upc (Universal Product Code)
  - uri (Uniform Resource Identifier)
  - videorecording identifier
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the identifier is necessary for display. This is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 856 subfields $3 or $y when using with type="uri".
- invalid - This attribute signifies a canceled or invalid identifier. The invalid attribute should be used with the following value:
  - yes - This value is used only when recording a canceled or invalid identifier. If invalid="yes" is not present, the identifier is assumed to be valid. Do not use invalid="no."
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <identifier>.

Examples

<identifier type="music publisher">N.M. 275 Nova Music</identifier>

<identifier type="isbn" invalid="yes">0877780116</identifier>

<identifier type="lccn">##2001336783</identifier>

<identifier type="uri" displayLabel="Electronic resource (JPEG)">http://susdl.fcla.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/~fdl/fdlcgi?FA00000011%2F.jpg</identifier>

<identifier type="doi">doi:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0238</identifier>

<identifier type="uri">http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.law/llst.072</identifier>

<identifier type="uri" displayLabel="Active site"> http://www.georgewbush.com/</identifier>

<identifier type="uri" displayLabel="Essays from annual reports">http://woodrow.mpls.frb.fed.us/publs/ar/index.html</identifier>

<identifier type="hdl">hdl:loc.pnp/cph.3c30104</identifier>

<location>

| Definition: "location" identifies the institution or repository holding the resource, or a remote location in the form of a URL where it is available.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for <location>. They are enumerated below.

| <physicalLocation>
| <shelfLocator>
| <url>
| <holdingSimple>
|  | <copyInformation>
|  |  | <form>
|  |  | <sublocation>
|  |  | <shelfLocator>
|  |  | <electronicLocator>
|  |  | <note>
|  |  | <enumerationAndChronology>
| <holdingExternal>

<location>

<physicalLocation>
Definition: the institution or repository that holds the resource or where it is available.

Application: "physicalLocation" may be expressed as text and/or as a code . Use the authority attribute to designate the source of the code. <physicalLocation> typically includes specific information used to locate a resource within a collection, such as the name or code of an institution/repository, and perhaps subcollection. A shelf number is given in <shelfLocator>.

<physicalLocation> is equivalent to MARC 21 field 852 subfields $a, $b and $e. If information equivalent to these subfields is included, it is given in a string and is not parsed.

The attribute xlink may be used to link to additional information about the entity recorded in physicalLocation, e.g. the institution's website.

Attributes

- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the physical location is needed for display. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 852 subfield $3.
- type - This attribute is used to indicate different kinds of locations, e.g. current, discovery, former, creation.
- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. A listing of authority values is found online at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/organization/organizationsource.html. If "marcorg" is used, the value in <physicalLocation> is from the MARC Code List for Organizations. If the authority attribute is not included, the value is presumed to be textual (i.e. a name of an institution).
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<location>

| <shelfLocator> Definition: Shelfmark or other shelving designation that indicates the location identifier for a copy. Application: This information is equivalent to MARC 852 $h (Classification part), $i (Item part), $j (Shelving control number), $k (Call number prefix), $l (Shelving form of title), $m (Call number suffix) and $t (Copy number). If information equivalent to these subfields is included, it is given in a string and is not parsed. If more detailed holdings information is given at the item level, <shelfLocator> under <holdingSimple> is used.

<location>

<url>
Definition: the Uniform Resource Location of the resource.

Application: "url" is for a networked location. Note that <identifier> is used for persistent identifiers that may or may not be resolvable.

Attributes

- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the URL is needed for display. It is equivalent to MARC 21 field 856 subfields $y and $3.
- dateLastAccessed - This attribute is intended to express the date that a digital resource has been accessed remotely. This may be useful to a user trying to access the site because of the volatility of Web content. There is no encoding scheme specified for use with this attribute, however, a structured date is recommended. There is no MARC equivalent for "dateLast Accessed".
- note - This attribute includes notes that are associated with the link that is included as the value of the <url> element. It is generally free text.
- access - This attribute indicates the type of resource that the user or aggregator will access when following the URL link. It is particularly useful to provide a flag in the context of OAI service providers harvesting metadata. The following values may be used with the access attribute:
  - preview - indicates a link to a thumbnail or snippet of text
  - raw object - indicates a direct link to the object described (e.g. a jpg or pdf document). Used only when the object is represented by a single file.
  - object in context - indicates a link to the object within the context of its environment (with associated metadata, navigation, etc.)
- usage - This attribute indicates how the object represented by the link will be used. Aggregators may use it to determine which URL is most appropriate for end-user display, which in most cases is the object in context (which may be marked as such using the access attribute). The following value is defined (other possible values have not yet been identified):
  - primary display - indicates that the link is the most appropriate to display for end users

<location>

<holdingSimple>
Definition: General information about what the institution identified in physicalLocation holds of the resource and its specific location.

Application: Holdings information consists of copy-specific information about the resource, information about the specific location within an institution, version information, and other information that is peculiar to the institution. <holdingSimple> is a set of MODS internally defined elements and corresponds roughly to summary holdings information. If more granularity is required, <holdingExternal> may be used in lieu of <holdingSimple> with elements from an external schema. <holdingSimple> consists of a single subelement, <copyInformation> which has several subelements.<holdingSimple> is not repeatable; if additional holdings statements are needed for the resource, repeat <location> with appropriate subelements. For more information see MODS Holdings Information

Subelements

| <copyInformation> Definition: Information about a specific tangible instance of a bibliographic resource or set which comprises one or more pieces via indication of sublocation and/or locator.

<form>

Definition: Designation of a particular physical presentation of a resource.

Application: This is equivalent to MODS <physicalDescription><form>. It may be included under <copyInformation> when the MODS record refers to multiple forms and there is different detailed holdings information associated with each form. Form is not repeatable; <copyInformation> is repeated within <holdingSimple> for multiple forms.

Attribute

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. A list of authorities is maintained at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/form/formsource.html. The MARC 21 form list contains most of the values defined in fields 008/23 (BK, MU, CR, MX) and 008/29 (MP, VM). Use authority="marcform" to indicate its use.

|  | <sublocation> Definition: Department, division or section of an institution holding a copy of the resource. Application: This information is equivalent to MARC 852 $b (Sublocation or collection), $c (Shelving location), $e (Address), which are expressed together as a string. It may be repeated for multiple equivalent items in different sublocations within the institution named in <physicalLocation>.
|  | <shelfLocator> Definition: Shelfmark or other shelving designation that indicates the location identifier for a copy. Application: This information is equivalent to MARC 852 $h (Classification part), $i (Item part), $j (Shelving control number), $k (Call number prefix), $l (Shelving form of title), $m (Call number suffix) and $t (Copy number). If information equivalent to these subfields is included, it is given in a string and is not parsed. <shelfLocator> may be given at the bibliographic description level under <location> (i.e. shelfLocator of the entire resource) or at the item level under <holdingSimple> (when shelfLocator may vary by each physical piece).
|  | <electronicLocator> Definition: Uniform Resource Location of the resource. Application: This is a copy-specific form of the MODS <location><url>, without its attributes.

<note>

Definition: Note relating to a specific copy of a document.

Attributes:

- type - This attribute is not controlled by a list and thus is open-ended.
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the note is necessary for display.

<enumerationAndChronology>

Definition: Alpha-numeric identification, such as a volume or issue, and an indication of the date of publication or date of issue of a component of a multi-part resource, distinguishing it from other components of the same resource.

Application: <enumerationAndChronology> is an unparsed string that comprises a summary holdings statement. If more granularity is needed, a parsed statement using an external schema may be used within <holdingExternal>.

Attribute:

- unitType - the category of bibliographic entity for which enumerationAndChronology is given, i.e. basic bibliographic unit, supplement, or index. This attribute may contain the following values:
  - 1 - information is about the basic bibliographic unit
  - 2 - information is about supplementary material to the basic unit
  - 3 - information is about index(es) to the basic unit

<location>

| <holdingExternal> Definition: Holdings information that uses a schema defined externally to MODS. Application: <holdingExternal> may include more detailed holdings information than that accommodated by the MODS schema. An example is ISO 20775 and its accompanying schema.

Examples

<location>
| <physicalLocation authority="marcorg">DLC MicRR Microfilm 82/528 MicRR</physicalLocation>
</location>

<location>
| <physicalLocation xlink:href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/mss/" >Library of Congress Manuscript Division</physicalLocation>
</location>
| [xlink attribute links to the web page of the institution represented by the value]

<location>
| <physicalLocation displayLabel="Correspondence">National Archives and Records Service. Genealogical Research Recording. Pennsylvania Ave. at 8th St., N.W., Washington, D.C. USA </physicalLocation>
</location>

<location>
| <url displayLabel="French version">http://www.cgiar.org/ifpri/reports/0297rpt/0297-ft.htm</url>
</location>

<location>
| <url dateLastAccessed="2004-01-27">http://www.loc.gov/marc/</url>
</location>

<location>
| <url access="raw object>http://www.loc.gov/standards/relreport.pdf</url>
</location>

<location>
| <url access="preview">http://purl.dlib.indiana.edu/iudl/lilly/slocum/thumbnail/LL-SLO-000077</url>
| <url access="object in context">http://purl.dlib.indiana.edu/iudl/lilly/slocum/LL-SLO-000077</url>
| <url access="raw object">http://purl.dlib.indiana.edu/iudl/lilly/slocum/full/LL-SLO-000077</url>
</location>

< location>
| <url note="Adobe Acrobat Reader required"> http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS31437 </url>
</location>

<location>
| <physicalLocation>University of Chicago </physicalLocation>
| <url"> http://pi.lib.uchicago.edu/1001/dig/chopin/373</url>
</location>

<location>
| <physicalLocation>Library of Congress </physicalLocation>
| <sublocation>Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA</sublocation>
| <shelfLocator>DAG no. 1410</shelfLocator>
</location>

<location>
| <physicalLocation authority=”marcorg”>MnRM</physicalLocation>
| <holdingSimple>
|  | <copyInformation>
|  |  | <sublocation>Patient reading room</sublocation>
|  |  | <shelfLocator>QH511.A1J68</shelfLocator>
|  |  | <enumerationAndChronology unitType=”1“> v.1-v.8 1970-1976</enumerationAndChronology>
|  | </copyInformation>
| </holdingSimple>
</location>

<location>
| <physicalLocation authority=”marcorg”> CaOON</physicalLocation>
| <holdingSimple>
|  | <copyInformation>
|  |  | <form authority=”marcform“>print</form>
|  |  | <sublocation>Chem</sublocation>
|  |  | <shelfLocator> QD.C454L55</shelfLocator>
|  |  | <enumerationAndChronology unitType=”1“> v. 1-24 1994-2000</enumerationAndChronology>
|  | </copyInformation>
|  | <copyInformation>
|  |  | <form authority=”marcform“>electronic</form>
|  |  | <electronicLocator>http://cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/journal1.html</electronicLocator>
|  |  | <enumerationAndChronology unitType=”1“>v. 16-24 1998-2000</enumerationAndChronology>
|  | </copyInformation>
| </holdingSimple>
</location>

<location>
| <physicalLocation>Menlo Park Public Library</physicalLocation> |
| <holdingExternal> |
| <holding xmlns:iso20775="info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:iso20775" xsi:schemaLocation="info:ofi/fmt:xml:xsd:iso20775 http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso20775/N130_ISOholdings_v6_1.xsd"> |
|  | <institutionIdentifier> |  |
|  | <value>JRF</value> |  |
|  | <typeOrSource> |  |
|  |  | <pointer>http://worldcat.org/registry/institutions/</pointer> |
|  | </typeOrSource> |  |
|  | </institutionIdentifier> |  |
|  |  | <physicalLocation>Menlo Park Public Library</physicalLocation> |  |
|  |  | <physicalAddress> |  |  |
|  |  | <text>Menlo Park, CA 94025 United States </text> |  |
|  |  |  | </physicalAddress> |  |
|  |  |  |  | <electronicAddress> |  |
|  |  |  |  | <text>http://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/oclc/15550774? page=frame&amp;url=%3D%3FUTF-8%3FB%FaHR0cDovL2NhdGFsb2cucGxzaW5mby5vcmcvc2VhcmNoL2kwMTk1MDM4NjMw%3F%3D&amp;title=Menlo+Park+Public+Library&amp;linktype=opac&amp;detail=JRF%3AMenlo+Park+Public+Library%3APublic&amp;app=wcapi&amp;id=OCL-OCLC+Staff+use</text>
|  |  |  |  | </electronicAddress> |  |  |
|  |  |  |  | <holdingSimple> |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | <copiesSummary> |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | <copiesCount>1</copiesCount> |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | </copiesSummary> |  |  |
|  |  |  | </holdingSimple> |  |  |
|  | </holding> |  |  |
|  |  |  | </holdingExternal> |  |  |
</location>

<accessCondition>

| Definition: information about restrictions imposed on access to a resource. Application: "accessCondition" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 fields 506 and 540. A link may be supplied in lieu of or in addition to the content. This element is extensible to allow for using an established XML schema outside of MODS for the information, e.g. the CDL Copyright schema.

Attributes

- type - There is no controlled list of types for <accessCondition> defined. Suggested values are: restriction on access (equivalent to MARC 21 field 506) and use and reproduction (equivalent to MARC 21 field 540).
- displayLabel - This attribute is intended to be used when additional text associated with the access conditions is necessary for display.
- xlink - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined in MODS for <accessCondition>. However, this is an extensible element, so subelements from other XML schemas may be used.

Examples

<accessCondition>Classified under national security provisions; Department of Defense; Title 50, chapter 401, U.S.C</accessCondition>

<accessCondition type="restriction on access">Restricted: cannot be viewed until 2010; Members of donor's family</accessCondition>

<accessCondition type="use and reproduction">Literary rights of Carrie Chapman Catt have been dedicated to the public</accessCondition>

<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" xlink:href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/res/273_brum.html">Rights status not evaluated. For general information see "Copyright and Other Restrictions". </accessCondition>

<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" displayLabel="Restricted">Copying allowed only for non- profit organizations</accessCondition>

<accessCondition>
| <copyright copyright.status="copyrighted" publication.status="unpublished" xmlns="http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/copyrightMD" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.cdlib.org/inside/diglib/copyrightMD http://www.cdlib.org/inside/projects/rights/schema/copyrightMD.xsd">
|  | <creation>
|  |  | <year.creation year.type="approximate">1969?</year.creation> <country.creation iso.code="us">United States</country.creation>
|  | </creation>
|  | <creator>
|  |  | <creator.corporate>Rene Laursen Photography</creator.corporate>
|  | </creator>
|  | <rights.holder>
|  |  | <name>Rene Laursen Photography</name>
<contact>702 North Grand, Santa Ana, CA 92701. 714-547-4604</contact>
|  | </rights.holder>
|  | <services>
|  |  | <contact>Berkeley Public Library</contact>
<note>Consult institution: 2090 Kittredge St., Berkeley, CA 94704. Phone: (510) 981-6100, TDD: (510) 981-6100), Web: http://www.berkeleypubliclibrary.org</note>
|  | </services>

<general.note>Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that
allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. In addition,
the reproduction of some materials may be restricted by terms of gift of purchase
agreements, donor restrictions, privacy and publicity rights, licensing and trademarks.
Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially expoited without permission of the
copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user.</general.note>

| </copyright>
</accessCondition>

<part>

Definition: the designation of physical parts of a resource in a detailed form.

Application: "part" is used to provide detailed coding for physical parts of a resource. It may be used as a top level element to designate physical parts or under relatedItem. It may be used under relatedItem for generating citations about the location of a part within a host/parent item. When used with relatedItem type="host", <part> is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 773, subfields $g (Relationship information) and $q (Enumeration and first page), but allows for additional parsing of data. There is no MARC 21 equivalent to <part> at the <mods> level.

To indicate part names and numbers that are subordinate to the title as distinct intellectual items, use <title> with <partName> and/or <partNumber>. When there is a separate intellectual entity with its own identity that is part of a larger work, use <relatedItem type="host"><part> to show the location of the part within that host item.

Attributes

- type - A designation of a document segment type. Suggested values include volume, issue, chapter, section, paragraph, track. Other values may be used as needed.
- order - an integer that designates the sequence of parts.
- ID - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for <part>. They are enumerated below.

| <detail> <extent> <date> <text>

<part>

<detail>
"detail" contains numbering and type of designation of the part in relation to the host/parent item in which a host item resides.

Attributes

- type - The type of part described. Suggested values include part, volume, issue, chapter, section, paragraph, track. Other values may be used as needed.
- level - Describes the level of numbering in the host/parent item. This is used to ensure that the numbering is retained in the proper order. An example is: "v.2, no. 3".

Subelements

| <number> - Contains the actual number within the part.
| <caption> - Contains the caption describing the enumeration within a part. This may be the same as type, but conveys what is on the item being described.
| <title> - Contains the title of the part. Only include if this is different than the title in <titleInfo><title>.

<extent>
"extent" contains the measured units making up the part, such as pages, minutes, etc.

Attribute

- unit - Suggested values include page, minute, etc.

Subelements

| <start> - Contains the beginning unit of the extent within a part (e.g., first page).
| <end> - Contains the ending unit of the extent within a part.
| <total> - Contains the total number of units within a part, rather than specific units.
| <list> - Contains a textual listing of the units within a part (e.g., "pp. 5-9".)

<date>
"date" contains date information relevant to the part described.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

| <text> "text" contains unparsed information in textual form about the part. When used in relatedItem type="host", it is equivalent to MARC 21 field 773 subfield $g.

Examples

<titleInfo>
| <title>Dana</title>
| <subTitle>an Irish magazine of independent thought</subTitle>
| <partNumber>Vol. 1, no. 4</partNumber>
</titleInfo>
<part>
| <detail>
|  | <title>Wayfarers (Poem)</title>
| </detail>
| <extent unit="pages">
|  | <start>97</start>
|  | <end>98</end>
| </extent>
</part>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Washington observer</title>
</titleInfo>
<part>
| <detail type="page number">
|  | <number>3</number>
| </detail>
| <extent unit="pages">
|  | <start>3</start>
| </extent>
</part>

<titleInfo>
| <title>Hlisen Sunnuntai-lehti. no. 78 20.02.2006</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre>newspaper</genre>
<relatedItem type="constituent" ID="MODSMD_ARTICLE1>
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Nuppineula.</title>
| <genre>article</:genre>
| <part ID="DIVL15" type="paragraph" order="1"/>
| <part ID="DIVL17" type="paragraph" order="2"/>
| <part ID="DIVL19" type="paragraph" order="3"/>
</relatedItem>
<relatedItem type="constituent" ID="MODSMD_ARTICLE2>
| <titleInfo>
| <title>Is meidn rukouksen waikutuS. Kuolema Puusepp,</title>
| </titleInfo>
| <genre>article</genre>
| <part ID="DIVL74" type="paragraph" order="1" />
| <part ID="DIVL76" type="paragraph" order="2" />
</relatedItem>

<relatedItem type="host">
| <titleInfo>
|  | <title>Post-Fordism</title>
|  | <subTitle>A Reader</subTitle>
| </titleInfo>
| <name type="personal">
|  | <namePart type="given">Ash</namePart>
|  | <namePart type="family">Amin</namePart>
|  | <role>
|  |  | <roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm>
|  | </role>
| </name>
| <originInfo>
|  | <dateIssued>1994</dateIssued>
|  | <publisher>Blackwell Publishers</publisher>
|  | <place>
|  |  | <placeTerm type="text">Oxford</placeTerm>
|  | </place>
| </originInfo>
| <part>
|  | <extent unit="page">
|  |  | <start>23</start>
|  |  | <end>45</end>
|  | </extent>
| </part>
</relatedItem>

<extension>

| "extension" is used to provide for additional information not covered by MODS. It may be used for elements that are local to the creator of the data, similar to MARC 21 9XX fields. In addition, it may be used to extend MODS for various purposes when another XML schema may handle the type of information.

Attributes

There are no attributes defined for <extension>.

Subelements

There are no subelements defined for <extension>.

Examples

<extension xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" >
| <dcterms:modified>2003-03-24</dcterms:modified>
</extension>
| [Uses extension element to include a Dublin Core element for date resource was modified.]
| [Alternatively, the XML definition may be at the top of the document.]

<extension xmlns: etd="http://www.ntltd.org/standards/metadata/etdms/1.0/etdms.xsd" >
| <etd:degree>
|  | <etd:name>Doctor of Philosophy</etd:name>
|  | <etd:level>Doctoral</etd:level>
|  | <etd:discipline>Educational Administration</etd:discipline>
| </etd:degree>
</extension>
| [Uses extension element to include degree information, which is not in MODS.]
| [Alternatively, the XML definition may be at the top of the document.]

<recordInfo>

| Definition: information about the metadata record. Application: "recordInfo" is a wrapper element that contains subelements relating to information necessary for managing metadata. Data is only input within each subelement.

Attributes

- lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- xml:lang - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- script - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- transliteration - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

Subelements

The following subelements are defined for <recordInfo>. They are enumerated below.

<recordContentSource>
<recordCreationDate>
<recordChangeDate>
<recordIdentifier>
<recordOrigin>
<languageOfCataloging>
<descriptionStandard>

<recordInfo>

<recordContentSource>
Definition: the code or name of the organization that either created or modified the original record.

"recordContentSource" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 040, except that MODS does not mandate the use of a code from the MARC Code List for Organizations. It should be repeated for each code or name recorded.

Attribute

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value is recorded here. A listing of authority values is found online at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/organization/organizationsource.html. If "marcorg" is used, the value in <recordContentSource> is from the MARC Code List for Organizations. If the authority attribute is not included, the value is presumed to be textual (i.e. a name of an institution).

<recordInfo>

<recordCreationDate>
Definition: the date on which the record was first created.

"recordCreationDate" is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 008/00-05.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<recordInfo>

<recordChangeDate>
"recordChangeDate" may serve as a version identifier for the record. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 005.

Attributes

- encoding - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- point - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- keyDate - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.
- qualifier - See the Attributes used throughout the schema for description.

<recordInfo>

<recordIdentifier>
"recordIdentifier" contains the system control number assigned by the organization creating, using, or distributing the record. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 001. There should be only one <recordIdentifier> in a record.

Attribute

- source - This attribute contains the code or name of the organization whose system control number is located in the <recordIdentifier> element. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 003, except that MODS does not mandate the use of a code from the MARC Code List for Organizations. A listing of source values is found online at: www.loc.gov/marc/sourcecode/organization/organizationsource.html.

<recordInfo>

| <recordOrigin> "recordOrigin" is intended to show the origin, or provenance of the MODS record. This might include what methods were used to prepare it (machine generated or human prepared), or what transformations had been applied (i.e., the result of converting an existing MARC 21 record to MARCXML and to MODS). It can be free text or an institution may establish locally-controlled values for machine processing and consistency. There is no MARC equivalent to <recordOrigin>.

<recordInfo>

| <languageOfCataloging> "languageOfCataloging" applies to the language of cataloging in a record. It is roughly equivalent to MARC 21 field 040 subfield $b, except that authorities other than ISO 639-2b may also be used. Language may also be recorded at each top element level to indicate the language of the metadata in a particular element.

Subelement

|  | <languageTerm>
|  | "languageTerm" contains the language(s) of the content of the resource. It may be expressed in textual or coded form. If in coded form, the source of the code is contained in the value of the authority attribute. If no authority is given, it is assumed that the content is textual. (Alternatively, instead of using a textual form, the content may be in coded form with an authority attribute, and an XSLT stylesheet may be used to translate the code into a textual form.) If there is more than one representation of the same language, <languageTerm> is repeated. If the content of the resource is in more than one language, <language> is repeated.

Attributes:

- type - This attribute may be used with the following values:
  - text - This value is used to express language in a textual form.
  - code- This value is used to express language in a coded form.
- authority - This attribute may contain the following values:
  - iso639-2b - A bibliographic language code from ISO 639-2 (Codes for the representation of names of languages: alpha-3 code). The bibliographic language codes are identical to both NISO Z39.53 and the MARC Code List for Languages.
  - rfc3066 - A language identifier as specified by the Internet Best Current Practice specification RFC3066. This value includes an ISO 639-1 (alpha-2) or ISO 639-2 (alpha-3) language code with optional secondary subtags.
  - iso639-3 - A language code from ISO 639-3 (Codes for the representation of names of languages - Part 3: Alpha-3 code for comprehensive coverage of languages).
  - rfc4646 - A language identifier as specified by the Internet Best Current Practice specification RFC4646. This document gives guidance on the use of ISO 639-1, ISO 639-2, and ISO 639-3 language identifiers with optional secondary subtags and extensions.

<descriptionStandard>
"descriptionStandard" designates the rules used for the content of the description if applicable. This is roughly equivalent to the information found in MARC 21 field 040$e or Leader/18.

Attribute

- authority - The name of the authoritative list for a controlled value. A list of authorities is maintained at: http://www.loc.gov/marc/relators/reladesc.html#rela040b

Examples

<recordInfo>
| <recordCreationDate encoding="marc">030211</recordCreationDate>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordCreationDate>October 8, 2002</recordCreationDate>
| <recordOrigin>machine generated</recordOrigin>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">CStmoGRI</recordContentSource>
| <descriptionStandard authority="marcdescription">cco</descriptionStandard>
</recordInfo>
| [Record was created by Getty Research Institute using rules specified in Cataloging Cultural Objects]

<recordInfo>
| <recordContentSource>Library of Congress</recordContentSource>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordIdentifier source="dlc">85753651</recordIdentifier>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordIdentifier>2001627090</recordIdentifier>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <languageOfCataloging>
|  | <languageTerm authority="rfc3066">en </languageTerm>
| </languageOfCataloging>
| <languageOfCataloging>
|  | <languageTerm authority="rfc3066">fr</languageTerm>
| </languageOfCataloging>
</recordInfo>
| [The cataloging of the resource is in both English and French.]

<recordInfo>
| <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20020311</recordChangeDate>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordChangeDate encoding="iso8601">20000406144503.0 </recordChangeDate>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001-07-12</recordCreationDate>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordContentSource authority="marcorg">DLC</recordContentSource>
| <recordChangeDate>June 24, 2001</recordChangeDate>
</recordInfo>

<recordInfo>
| <recordContentSource>Université René Descartes Bibliothèque </recordContentSource>
| <recordOrigin>human prepared</recordOrigin>
| <languageOfCataloging authority="iso639-2b">fre</languageOfCataloging>
</recordInfo>

HOME >> Guidance >> User Guidelines Version 3 >> Elements Questions and comments: